Can I Upload My Eudora Mbx to Domain Server
Things the Aid File Doesn't Tell Y'all
by Curtis Clark
- How east-mail service works, and what Eudora does
- Setting up Eudora
- Managing mail
- Attachments and Encoded Files
How electronic mail works, and what Eudora does
Some of import computer programs:
Eudora - an e-mail client that runs on the machine on your desktop. It sends post to an SMTP server, gets mail from a POP3 server, and stores and manages mail service on your reckoner.
POP3 - Mail service Part Protocol 3, an e-mail server that runs on a "large computer" such as the Academic or Administrative clusters ("Vax"). It transfers email messages from storage on a post server computer to Eudora or another east-postal service client.
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, an electronic mail server that runs on a "big computer". When information technology receives mail from Eudora or another e-mail client, it passes it on to the SMTP server at the destination of the e-mail. When it receives e-mail from another SMTP server, it stores information technology.
What happens when you ship mail service:
- Yous write a message and tell Eudora to send information technology.
- Eudora sends the message to the SMTP server on the "Vax" (or the Intranet, if you use it for post).
- The SMTP server sends the mail to some other SMTP server at its destination (or "sends it to itself", if the destination is on the same estimator).
- The receiving SMTP server stores the mail in the advisable user account.
- The recipient tells Eudora to check for new post.
- Eudora asks the POP3 server for new mail.
- The POP3 server sends the new message to Eudora.
- Eudora displays information technology for the recipient.
What happens when yous receive mail service:
- Your correspondent writes a bulletin and tells Eudora to ship it.
- Eudora sends the message to the SMTP server on the contributor's mail server machine.
- The SMTP server sends the mail to the SMTP server on the "Vax" (or on the Intranet, if you use it for mail).
- The receiving SMTP server stores the mail in your user account.
- You tell Eudora to check for new mail.
- Eudora asks the POP3 server for new mail.
- The POP3 server sends the new message to Eudora.
- Eudora displays information technology for y'all.
Setting up Eudora
Later on you accept installed Eudora, there are certain pieces of information information technology needs in gild to send and receive e-mail service. If your copy of Eudora works, this information is correct, but I'thou providing information technology here in case you have problems, or need to fix up a new copy, or switch to another POP3 server (such as the Intranet).
All of this information is entered through the Tools | Options bill of fare choice. The dialog that it produces has a bunch of picture icons of categories with names like "Getting Started", "Personal Info", and such. In the table beneath, the left column is the proper noun of the category, the middle column is the item that you might need to alter, and the right cavalcade is the value to type in. All the rest of the entries are usually left as is. clstac = Bookish OpenVMS Cluster, clstad = Administrative OpenVMS Cluster, intranet = Intranet, items in italics are for explanation, not data to be entered. Some items appear on more than 1 dialog, but when y'all alter them in one case, they modify everywhere.
Managing mail
As installed, Eudora has three "mailboxes", In, Out, and Trash. When you write a letter, it is saved in the Out mailbox (you lot can turn this off past unchecking Tools | Options | Sending Mail | Proceed copies). New mail ends up in the In box. And when you lot delete a bulletin, it ends upwards in the Trash, which is ordinarily emptied when you leave Eudora (you tin can modify with Tools | Options | Miscellaneous | Empty trash when exiting).
If you simply employ these three boxes, you lot may observe yourself with an overflowing In box (of class it doesn't actually overflow, it only expands until it takes upward all the space on your disk). Or y'all may routinely delete letters to cut downwardly the confusion, and then wish you had them later. But Eudora lets you create more than mailboxes, and you can utilize them to aid impose order on all the mail you salve.
Allow'due south say you're looking at a message you'd similar to save. From the menu, choose Transfer | New, type in a name for the mailbox ("facnet", for example), and hit OK. From now on, the Transfer menu will include the pick "facnet", and you can transfer messages in that location easily. To get to the new mailbox, choose Mailbox | facnet. With recent updates of Version 3, and high-resolution monitors, you may run into a tree brandish on the left of the Eudora screen, that shows all your mailboxesdouble-click one to open it.
But back from vacation, with several dozen new messages? Create a mailbox called "respond" and put in it all the mail service you lot need to answer. If you lot have a group of related mailboxes, you can create a folder ("Make it a folder" on the create mailbox dialogue) and drag mailboxes to it (if Eudora is asking y'all for the name of a mailbox in that new folder, and yous don't want one, but hitting Cancel).
Attachments and Encoded Files
A byte consists of 8 $.25, and each flake is a single "binary digit" (ane or 0). Computers correspond "characters" (letters, numbers, and punctuation) every bit bytes, either one byte per grapheme (the standard on most computers) or two bytes per graphic symbol (Unicode, on Windows NT and maybe elsewhere). Because a byte is viii bits, there are 256 possible bytes, 0-255 (computers always commencement counting at 0). Just await at a keyboard and you lot'll see but 52 letters (upper and lower case), 10 numbers, and 34 other symbols (including the infinite bar and delete key), for a full of 96 characters. For reasons that I won't go into, the kickoff 32 byte values (0-31) are used for arcane and often obsolete communications functions. With the next 96 being characters, the "keyboard graphic symbol set" has 128 characters (0-127). This is just half the possible bytes. As it turns out also, you can represent these 128 characters with just seven bits, since the offset bit of the byte will e'er exist 0.
The remaining 128 bytes (128-255) also stand for characters, but not ones on the keyboard. Depending on the computer, they tin be absolute characters, "line-drawing" characters, true typographic quotes and dashes, or other symbols.
Simply all 255 possible bytes can also be used for two other totally unlike types of information: non-character data and instruction lawmaking.
Non-character data generally consist of numbers. When I type 1997 hither, I am typing numerals, which are just another blazon of graphic symbol. Computers can't exercise math directly with numerals. Instead, they work with actual binary numbers that, co-ordinate to several different schemes, represent the ordinary decimal numbers we work with. A binary number consists of bits, only the computer tin can organize these into bytes simply as information technology does for characters. If we wrote the integer 65 as a binary number, it would look like 01000001. The computer could do arithmetics with this number. But this is besides the byte value for "A". So 01000001 tin can be either a number or a character. Numbers can occupy any of the possible byte values, and so information technology takes all 8 bits to piece of work with numbers.
These not-character data are the substance of many kinds of calculator data files: graphics (where the numbers tin represent the amount of ruby, green, and bluish in a pixel), sound files (where they are times and frequencies), spreadsheets (where they are non only the numbers in the canvass, only likewise the information most fonts, lines, formulas, etc.), and even word processing files (font attributes, etc.).
Instruction code is what tells the figurer what to exercise. In one computer, 01000001 might mean "add together registers A and B", and in another it might exist role of a multi-byte education. Computer code also contains data, since 01000001 could as well be part of a memory address. Code also uses all eight bits.
Then the bottom line is that non-character information use eight bits, code uses eight $.25, the full grapheme set up uses viii bits, only the keyboard characters only utilize seven $.25. At present if you were designing a system for e-mail advice, would you design information technology to utilize eight $.25, or vii bits? Obvious answer. Simply permit's say y'all had to pay by the bit. You might decide that 7 is plenty. That is exactly what happened in the early days of electronic mail.
So when you ship data by e-mail, you tin can only transport the beginning 128 byte values. You can't send code or non-character information directly. but you can send it if you "encode" it: translate information technology into some form that merely uses seven bit characters. (A simple manner to do this would be to pause it up into two 4-bit chunks. 10110110 would go 1011 and 0110, which you would fill out to seven bits-0001011 and 0000110-and send, and the recipient would remove the get-go three 0s and put it back together. Of class, you'd write a plan to do this automatically.)
About from the moment that 7-bit characters became the standard for e-mail, people take been devising ways to do simply this. Eudora actually handles four dissimilar kinds of encoding, and it does all of them more or less automatically.
One type of encoding is used to handle punctuation and letters that are not office of the basic 7-flake codesuch as this "em-dash", these typographic quotes (which aren't the same as these "typewriter" quotes), and accented letters (åëìôúçß). Equally a test, I sent myself the post-obit e-mail message:
aeiou áéíóú àèìòù äëïöü âêîôû åçß¿¡ ×þ©®¼½¾
(some of these may look strange on older web browsers)
And read information technology with a program that doesn't support this blazon of encoding. It looked like this:
aeiou =E1=E9=ED=F3=FA =E0=E8=EC=F2=F9 =E4=EB=EF=F6=FC =E2=EA=EE=F4=FB =E5=E7=
=DF=BF=A1 =D7=Fe=A9=99=AE=BC=BD=Exist
You may have seen these codes in e-postal service letters before. Even if your programme decodes such things, it may not practise and so correctly - Windows and Mac use different character codes for many of these. If y'all work with Windows, and havenÕt been able to understand why you're seeing an Õ in a word, that same grapheme code on a Mac makes the typographic apostrophe. I'm sure Mac users see similar oddities. Fortunately, Eudora seems to handle decoding well.
The other iii methods are used for "attachments": files that are sent inact as part of an e-mail message. They are uuencoding (the "uu" stands for "Unix to Unix"), binhex, which began on Macintoshes, and MIME (Multimedia Net Mail Extensions), or more specifically a coding scheme that is part of MIME called Base 64. When yous send a message in Eudora, you select the enoding type in a drop-down box on the New Message window (Windows 95 version pictured):
When yous receive a bulletin in Eudora, it automatically decodes the attachment and puts it in a folder called Attach inside your Eudora binder. They also appear equally icons (or text in some versions) at the lesser of the message. You tin can double-click one of these and frequently information technology will open with the awarding that created information technology.
If you lot represent but with others who apply Eudora 3, the single problem that may arise is that sometimes if you transport an eastward-postal service message that has an zipper and nothing else, it may not decode. The manner to avoid this is to always put some text in the due east-postal service bulletin, if but "hither's the attachment you asked for."
If you lot represent with people who use other e-mail programs, or sometimes utilise other programs yourself, attachments can become a trouble, specifically when they don't decode. Below are examples of the three different encoding formats. You will never meet these in Eudora, since it will automatically decode them; I created them by sending attachments to myself and reading them in some other email program that doesn't decode them.
Hither is MIME. You tin can tell because it says "Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64" which is the MIME standard. Post-obit the header, the lines are 76 characters long, and tin can begin with any letter or number.
�=====================_869974979==_ Content-Type: prototype/gif; proper noun="Cptree.gif"; x-mac-type="47494666"; 10-mac-creator="4A565752" Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Disposition: zipper; filename="Cptree.gif" R0lGODlhNAEyAYABAAB/AP///yH5BAEAAAEALAAAAAA0ATIBQAL/jI+py+0Po5y02ouz3rx7DhzA SJbmZI5imrBLGiLwO8ukUuOw2+7+BwwKbb4bg3eSFJOBnCPHOzpppcbS2Iwqp8Nu57dlErEXrdW8 qvbUT3SarYNT5efimu71qupvsGHXkic4SBix1CYWh1co5TbGCBkpKZkY5RhJNgaYNglydRX0CdoZ irQotLgZSAoh6voKGys7ylqXqemnIapYO/fJ6Aoc3KuYSPx3W/t7zNxo19wHmAutd0h97axKnGy4 1y1LCY49nv1KrqvKPTSrfu7eyv7+dUoxLH8fvjwfXy5eRvvO2CCB5PRZaIeBHT1E0wLCOvgQH7Jn CfmF0ZYBoLIY/xUV2oPIsZfGbwr7xerYcFJEFP5YfiQ1cgPFdQgfGBQ5K9pMeC1xWkN5iWdInTVB /gR61KVFhrsqrPwXs5lHb0BuGu3pa6dJjEyfIuWyb6ktq2G55onY1GbarkkFRa368o1RD2+FlVRb d2JeQm1lplSKEOxXgiq9FvuLy2ynvXyp1iv6gWy+vGuzKsbE+CpWuXFgmsPc9w5iooTPxi01lFPn sZvdTpUs+rJerYcFx35tu5pHtiexfXa6FzbphZZDb5vahbjEi6OzBM+8vBsz2tEBy5593Tn16mGK 5/aemsriU5Uga29+/nrlx+rglEZ1O3VQv99Nm39EcvvwmsKFZv/TNJlxkXHVn0QF9rced4m9t4KB
Next is binhex. Lines are 64 characters long, and the file starts out "(This file must exist converted with BinHex 4.0)".
�=====================_869975006==_ Content-Type: awarding/mac-binhex40; name="Cptree.gif" Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="Cptree.gif" (This file must be converted with BinHex iv.0) :#N0`G(*PC5jRD@B!4dP�CNT@9e)!!!!!%3B!!!!![Due north&(58Bi1@%d!6)"J!%!!(chiliad !rrrr)IN%!iii!!!3!Ten!!!!!$3"-J&!![q-MkR,l3qMR,6DLl2H[(X1(-")PZCNMQ+ DX%XD)[!lbk45il$El[i($!TY[KZ$Gj)8Ni�F)mFl1QQPaY,BM#UR`flRYf85X4H YeEbUpY42G*UYJe2Pjq+Dl[@UkQq`BGH5*cK)�,(eight*KD(9bMP0XB)�5NTQ4MP�%N f"TJf#A*eastward&I3*fKQ+Y#LdZ"P)#L(UqJSE+c[+@THTkDFKUPJlpmRS#KcFUjK)r(Grand Eqh[-h�MAh!HB#keh5(hYV%UFE,MA,8X*MMfHr8UZUmSp0+YqlYl+r[je5M%XIaq q2"pI,Pj�qmlB))(Np&PSKi%G2866!10)kq"!IXQF*qBA4PJ�JXKMr&4ADJmLaPmC [#[[&kYK`8N38rPKq*$9b!m9e#"mB&$NVfNai,A&D3hQ*CdLG08(q"(V8T8@�ZbU Xr"HcQ8G[3�iDlHPVTdQ-6*mLjE*[U5fVBERQLGM8CYUZ539&VIVbM9%2Ei@99&Y hBPj#E@@Q9)S3l&H#+Vd@qi[,E+HpI+R@+rU"E,kmDl-UaX6i+PDjF@#D`pch$Q+Concluding is uuencoding. Lines are 61 characters long, and ever brainstorm with "M". Statements like "begin 600 Cptree.gif" also indicate uuencoding.
�=====================_870180781==_ Content-Type: image/gif; name="Cptree.gif"; x-mac-type="47494666"; x-mac-creator="4A565752" Content-Transfer-Encoding: x-uuencode Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="Cptree.gif" begin 600 Cptree.gif M1TE&.#EA-`$R`8`!``!_`/___R'Y!`$```$`+``````T`3(!0`+_C(^IR^T/ MHYRTVHNSWKQ[#AS`2);F9(YBFK!+&B+P.\ND4N.PV^[^!PP*;;10;@Due west>two%).! MG"/'.SIII<;2V(PJI\-NY[=Eastward$M$7K=six\JO;43W2:K8-3Y>?BFN[UJNIOL&'7 MDB<X2!BQU"86AU<HY3;&"!DI*9D8Y1A)-@:8-@ER=17T"=H9BK0HM+@92`HA MZOH*&RL[REJ7J>FG(:I8._?)Z`H<West*N82/QW6_M[Southward-QHU]P'F`NM=TA][:Q* MG&RXURU+"8X]GOU*KJO*/32K?N[>RO[^=4HQ+'\?OCP?7RY>1OO.5""!Y/19 Thou:(>!'3U$TP+".O@0'[)M"?F%T98!H+(8_Q45VH/(L9?&;PK[Q>K8<%)$%/Y8 M?B0U<@/%=0@?&!0Y*]I,>"UQ6D-YB6=(G35!_@1ZU*5%AKLJK/P7LYE';T!Northward Yard&NWI:Z=)C$R?(N6R;ZDMJV&YYHG8U&;:KDD%1:WZ\HU1#V^%E51;=V)>0FUE MIE2*$.Q7@BJ]%ON+RVRGO7RIUBOZ@6R^O&NS*L;$^"I6N7%@FL/<]PYBHH3/Why is all this of import? Considering you'll need to know how a file was encoded to know what kind of software you demand to decode it. In that location are different decoding programs for Windows and Mac, and different programs for each method, as well as programs that do all iii. Use of these is across the scope of this tutorial, only knowing the kind of file you are looking at is the first step in asking for help.
Copyright © 1997 past Curtis Clark. May be copied in its entirety freely for nonprofit educational use.
Space for this page is provided by California State Polytechnic Academy, Pomona. Although it is intended to farther the educational mission of the University, the opinions expressed here are those of Curtis Clark, and do not stand for official policy of the University.
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Source: https://www.cpp.edu/~jcclark/tutor/eudora.html
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